The pattern of initiating mixed feeding by Guatemalan infants and toddlers: reported age of introduction of drinks and foods in breastfeeding children

Abstract

BackgroundThe WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first 6 mo of life; however, violations are widespread.ObjectiveTo assemble among infants in Guatemala a retrospective record on the temporal pattern of introducing foods and beverages before 6 mo, constituting mixed feeding and violating the EBF or predominantly breast fed (PBF) patterns.MethodsMothers of 300 infants, aged 6 to 23 mo, attending a public health, equalized for months of life, were interviewed about early life practices with a structured questionnaire.ResultsAt interview, continued BF was commonly reported: 6–11 mo (84%); 12–17 mo (90%); and 18–23 mo (53%). When questioned retrospectively, 90% of mothers reported BF for at least 6 mo. EBF was rare, with only 14% of infants receiving EBF for 5 mo, and just 9% for the recommended 6 mo. The most common violation was the premature introduction of liquids, such as ritual fluids, at a median age of 14 wks. The proportion of infants with PBF, which allows certain liquids such as water, juices and ritual fluids, was 33% through 5 mo and 23% through 6 mo. The median age of introduction among ever‐consumers was 18 wks for infant formula; 14 wks for complex beverages; and 23 wks for other food items.ConclusionOverall adherence to the WHO guidelines for feeding in the first semester of infancy was much less than ideal and in need of strengthening.Funded by Sight and Life, Switzerland