The pattern and prognostic relevance of immune activity scores and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Evidence from multiple datasets

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate the immune activity scores (IAS) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) patients and to explore their patterns and potential prognostic values. MethodsThe gene expression profiles and clinical information of ccRCC patients from multiple Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and TCGA were used as study cohorts. Overall, 3 sets of 69 variables associated with tumor-immune interactions were collected from several tumor immunophenotype analysis websites. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) analyses were performed to establish and evaluate the predictive models. ResultsSeveral TIIC and IAS variables are significantly different between patients and between different sites within the same patient. The AUC of the multivariable logistic models based on IAS and the two TIIC groups is 0.705 (95%CI 0.643–0.766), 0.719 (95%CI 0.650–0.788), and 0.685 (95%CI 0.623–0.747), respectively. The AUC of the LASSO model is 0.715 (95%CI 0.652–0.777). Certain subtypes identified by the consensus clustering method show a favorable OS (log-rank, p < 0.01) in both nonmetastatic and metastatic ccRCC patients. ConclusionIAS and TIIC could vary between patients and different sites within the same patient, and distinct patterns of these variables could correlate with clinical features. Heterogeneity might exist in the biological process of metastasis. LASSO logistic regression reveals that the infiltration of two TIICs would be a predictor of metastatic ccRCC. Last, certain subtypes may have a better prognosis in both ccRCC and mccRCC patients.