Abstract
Poliomyelitis is an exclusively human disease that mainly affects children. Clinical features of poliomyelitis can be varied, from mild illness to the most severe paralysis, and the factor why poliomyelitis has different performances in individuals has been proved strongly correlated with membrane protein CD155. The nervous system shows a special protecting phenomenon against the invasion of poliovirus, and the mechanism is not very clear at present. Vaccines are the main means of preventing and controlling polio, and many different vaccines have been invented in the process of fighting polio. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) are the two main vaccines. IPV is known for its safety while OPV is widely used in developing countries because of its relatively low cost. This usage also leads to some side effects: vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). Now, for polio eradication, the elimination of these two diseases has become particularly important. Thus, a new type of vaccine was created: sequential IPV-OPV with the safety of IPV and the low cost of OPV. This paper will talk about the different polio vaccines and their effects. An enormous difference between people who have gotten the vaccine and people who have not got the vaccine. Comparing the two kinds of people, people who get normal poliovirus, and people who get poliovirus after taking a vaccine, known as VAPP (vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis), the former cannot get full recovery whole life and the latter has a very low possibility. In conclusion, people should take vaccines if it is affordable for them.
Highlights
Poliovirus which causes poliomyelitis is an enterovirus that belongs to the Picornaviridae family [1]
Aseptic meningitis is found in a small proportion of infections, and in the rarest case paralysis is caused by poliomyelitis [2]
This can lead to vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), or to infectious and neurotoxic strains of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus [23]
Summary
Poliovirus which causes poliomyelitis is an enterovirus that belongs to the Picornaviridae family [1]. Polio eradication is nearing its end, wild poliovirus (WPV) is still rampant in some parts of the world like Africa, and there are still many developing countries that are not polio-free [6]. To eradicate all cases of polio, including VAPP and VDPV, all countries must stop using OPV This is not realistic and there are many developing countries that cannot afford full IPV. This requires the use of novel OPV (nOPV) to gradually reduce the number of vaccine-induced cases [9]. People should take vaccines before they are infected by the polio virus
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