Abstract
This article reviews those pathologic lesions which are associated with clinical and/or biochemical hyperthyroidism. Beginning with the descriptive pathology of classical Graves' disease and the less common toxic nodular goiter and hyper-functioning thyroid nodules, this paper describes the effects of non-thyroidal hormones, glandular function (including pituitary and hypothalamic lesions), ectopic production of thyroid stimulating proteins by non-thyroidal neoplasms, exogenous drug reactions causing hyper-function and finally conditions associated with a mechanic- destructive cause of hyperthyroidism.
Highlights
The Pathology of HyperthyroidismThis article reviews those pathologic lesions which are associated with clinical and/or biochemical hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome characterized by hypermetabolic state due to the increased free serum thyroxine (T4) and/or free triiodothyronine (T3)
Another interesting thyroid carcinoma that can present with hyperthyroidism is the rare diffuse follicular variant of papillary carcinoma [42]
Summary
This article reviews those pathologic lesions which are associated with clinical and/or biochemical hyperthyroidism. Beginning with the descriptive pathology of classical Graves’ disease and the less common toxic nodular goiter and hyper-functioning thyroid nodules, this paper describes the effects of non-thyroidal hormones, glandular function (including pituitary and hypothalamic lesions), ectopic production of thyroid stimulating proteins by non-thyroidal neoplasms, exogenous drug reactions causing hyper-function and conditions associated with a mechanic- destructive cause of hyperthyroidism. Reviewed by: Cesidio Giuliani, Università degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Italy Giampaolo Papi, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Italy. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Thyroid Endocrinology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology.
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