Abstract
Piroplasmosis in cows manifests mainly as a violation of erythrocytes, degenerative changes in parenchymal organs, general jaundice, hemosiderosis, and splenic hyperplasia. First, it affects the liver, followed by a violation of the digestive system; then, kidney function is impaired resulting in a breach of toxic substance released from the body. The blood is depleted in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin. From decaying under the influence of parasite, hemoglobin is released from the red blood cells and is partially excreted by the kidneys in urine, resulting in the urine becoming dark red in color (hence, the disease is colloquially called “blood urine”). Hemoglobin part is processed into bile pigments; however, visible mucous membranes (eyes and mouth), skin, and subcutaneous tissue become yellowish.
Highlights
Piroplasmosis of cattle (Texas fever) is a transmissible animal disease caused by parasites of the red blood cells
Many clinical signs were typical of cattle piroplasmosis
The pathoanatomical and histological study of seven carcasses of cattle, brought from Almaty region, and experimentally infected, showed almost all characteristics of piroplasmosis in terms of pathological and histological changes. These were in the form of hemosiderosis of the liver, spleen, kidneys, granular and fatty degeneration of parenchymal organs, and proliferation of histiocytes and lymphoid cells
Summary
Piroplasmosis of cattle (Texas fever) is a transmissible animal disease caused by parasites of the red blood cells. Piroplasma bigeminum is an endoglobulyar parasite causing piroplasmoses (Dorosh, 2007). Several common names describe the clinical signs of this disease, including: "“Bloody urine”, “Chihir”, “Coastal Rush”, and “Texas fever”. The life cycle of organisms causing piroplasmosis have two main vectors, cattle and ticks. Piroplasmosis reproduction in animals occurs in the blood, by dividing. In ticks it reproduces sexually in tissues, eggs and the hemolymph. In the body of animals, the parasites first infest internal organs, and the peripheral blood (Stepanova; 1982; Dorosh, 2007)
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