Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent, chronic, and severe seizure-related disorder of the nervous system, affecting seventy million individuals globally. The risk factors and pathogenesis of epilepsy are also diverse. Nevertheless, there have been mature treatments for epilepsy, among which antiepileptic drug treatment is the most common treatment around the world. Almost 70% of patients have their seizures controlled after drug treatment, but some drug-resistant epilepsies still need to be treated by some other supplemental treatment. In order to take appropriate treatments, we must first fully understand the pathogenesis of epilepsy. As a result, this paper introduced three kinds of pathogenesis in detail, namely abnormal ion channels, abnormal neurotransmitters, and abnormal neuroglial cells. In addition, the diagnosis of epilepsy was also introduced. Last but not least, we highly summarized the treatment except for drug treatment, namely surgical treatment and neuromodulation. Furthermore, this paper also proposed a new treatment, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, that may be used to treat epilepsy in the future.
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