Abstract
The manipulation of optical modes is an important issue for the realization of sensors in microcavities. In this paper, the generation and modulation of mode splitting in optical microcavities is studied by controlling the axes of an ellipsoidal nanoparticle. Different from the previous schemes, mode splitting and mode broadening caused by ellipsoidal particle scattering are related to the axial orientation of the particle. Therefore, unlike the scheme in which the relative position of the bi-spherical particles must be adjusted to modulate the relative coupling phase, the coupling strength and dissipation of the mode could be tuned by controlling the axial orientation of the ellipsoidal particle in our scheme. Furthermore, it can also tune the system to the exceptional points. This provides a novel way to manipulate the exceptional points in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity.
Highlights
Whispering gallery mode(WGM) microcavity has become a research hotspot [1]–[3] for its very high quality factor and small mode volume, which could greatly enhance the interaction between light and matter [4]–[7]
It has been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally in these related fields [8]–[11], such as optical information processing [12], [13], microwave photonics [14]–[16], quantum computing [17]–[19], cavity quantum electrodynamics [20]–[25], and nonlinear optics [26]–[29].WGM optical microcavities are widely used in the low threshold lasers [2], [30], parametric oscillators [31]–[34], high-precision sensing [4], [35]–[40] and so on
The total Hamiltonian can be divided into three parts: H0 is the free Hamiltonian of the WGM and its reservoir environment, H1 corresponds to the scattering induced coupling between the WGMs, the Hamiltonian H2 represents the scattering induced coupling between the two nanoparticles and the surrounding reservoir. ωc indicates the eigenfrequency of the microcavity and ω j represents the eigenfrequency of the j-th reservoir mode, a†p and ap represent the creation operator and annihilation operator of the cavity mode with p(p ) respectively denoting the CW(CCW) mode. b j (b†j ) is the j-th reservoir mode. gn,p,p is the coupling coefficient generated by the n-th nanoparticle, gn, j,p shows the coupling between the scatterers and the reservoir
Summary
Whispering gallery mode(WGM) microcavity has become a research hotspot [1]–[3] for its very high quality factor and small mode volume, which could greatly enhance the interaction between light and matter [4]–[7] It has been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally in these related fields [8]–[11], such as optical information processing [12], [13], microwave photonics [14]–[16], quantum computing [17]–[19], cavity quantum electrodynamics [20]–[25], and nonlinear optics [26]–[29].WGM optical microcavities are widely used in the low threshold lasers [2], [30], parametric oscillators [31]–[34], high-precision sensing [4], [35]–[40] and so on. The method undoubtedly provides a new method for mode modulation and EPs sensing in the WGM microcavity
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