Abstract
This article points out the characteristics of the Latin participle in comparison with the Albanian participle, a comparison which is viewed from a morphological and syntactic perspective. In both languages the participle has a double nature, that of an adjective and of a verb. Unlike Albanian, the Latin participle has two voices: the active and the passive. The active voice has two tenses: the present and the future, whereas the passive has only the perfect tense. The participle is the only non-finite form, which is formed in a syntactic way in both languages, with the relevant suffixes. Albanian has only one participle, which appears in different forms, expresses a completed action and usually has a passive meaning. With the help of the front connective article it becomes an adjective and, as such, it takes the grammatical categories of gender, number and case, following the same pattern as the Latin participle. The Latin participle is often used to show secondary circumstances during which or because of which the action in the main clause occurs. In this case, the participle replaces a subordinate clause that can express time, condition, cause, purpose, or manner. In Albanian these functions are expressed by the finite forms of the verb, which are part of the subordinate clauses of time, cause, etc. When it comes to the syntactic functions of the Albanian participle, we can say that it is used as: an attribute of a noun, separate attribute of the subject or another part of the sentence, predicative complement of the subject and the object. Though seldom, the participle has also temporal and causal functions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n8p637
Highlights
This article points out the characteristics of the Latin participle in comparison with the Albanian participle, a comparison which is viewed from a morphological and syntactic perspective
The participle is the only non-finite form, which is formed in a syntactic way in both languages, with the relevant suffixes
With the help of the front connective article it becomes an adjective and, as such, it takes the grammatical categories of gender, number and case, following the same pattern as the Latin participle
Summary
Il participio della lingua latina, come anche quello di molte lingue indoeuropee, ha una duplice natura, quella dell’aggettivo e quella del verbo. Come aggettivo concorda nel genere, nel numero e nel caso con il sostantivo al quale si riferisce, mentre come verbo richiede il caso del sostantivo al quale si riferisce (Tantucci, 1992: 108-109). Anche nella lingua latina conserva lo stesso significato lessicale che ha anche il verbo dal quale deriva. Per esempio: Homo est animal ratione utens. - Njeriu është një kafshë që përdor arsyen. Taetra est avaritia praesertim in principibus rem publicam gubernantibus (Cic.) - E shëmtuar është koprracia veçanërisht në krerët që qeverisin një shtet
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