Abstract
A study has been made of the batch-wise partial hydrogenation of benzene and of toluene to cyclohexene and the methyl-cyclohexenes, respectively, over ruthenium as a catalyst in the presence of an aqueous zinc sulphate solution. The reaction has been performed in a stirred autoclave at 423 K and at a total pressure of 5.0 MPa. Both the hydrogenation rates of benzene and of toluene are governed by diffusion processes, which can be shown by applying the Carberry and Wheeler-Weisz criteria. The high selectivities and yields of cyclohexene and methyl-cyclohexenes are explained by mass transfer limitation of hydrogen and cyclic alkenes towards the active catalyst surface. The lower toluene hydrogenation rate can be explained from the lower solubility of toluene in water as compared to benzene.
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