Abstract

Pareto optimality (sometimes known as Pareto efficiency) is an important notion in social sciences and related areas, see e.g. Klaus (2006), Chun (2005), Hild (2004), Kibris (2003), Nandeibam (2003), Papai (2001), Peris and Sanchez (2001), Brams and Fishburn (2000), Denicolo (1999), Klaus et al. (1998), Peremans et al. (1997), and Vohra (1992). This notion invariably involves the comparison of the utility of one outcome versus another, i.e. the ratio of two utilities or in general the ratio of two random variables. In this note, we derive the exact distribution of the ratio X/(X + Y) when X and Y are Pareto random variables, Pareto distribution being the first and the most popular distribution used in social sciences and related areas.

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