Abstract
Wide prevalence of the parathyroid glands pathology and the need for new methods of diagnosis and treatment are forcing researchers all over the world to go more deeply into the pathophysiological mechanisms. A parathyroid hormone (PTH) is main cause of mineral disorders. In addition, humans have a family with similar in structure molecules that contribute to the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The family includes PTH, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39, also known as PTH2). The genes encoding these peptides have highly homologous amino acid regions in the N-(amino) terminal receptor-binding sites of each family member, as well as the preserved structure of their organization, which seems to be due to the presence of one parent gene. The variety of classical and “non-classical” effects allows to expand the understanding of these substances and consider them as hormones that go beyond the regulation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism. The review provides information on the structure and biosynthesis of these peptides, as well as a wide range of their effects on the human body.
Highlights
В настоящее время проблемам нарушений минераль- ми к паратиреоидный гормон (ПТГ) 1-го и 2-го типов (PTH1-R и PTH2-R) [1−3]
Humans have a family with similar in structure molecules that contribute to the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis
The variety of classical and “non-classical” effects allows to expand the understanding of these substances and consider them as hormones that go beyond the regulation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism
Summary
Вестник РАМН. — 2019. — Т.74. — No2. — С. 136–144. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2019;74(2):136144. Большая рас- Эти пептиды отвечают в первую очередь за фосфорпространенность патологии околощитовидных желез но-кальциевый и костно-минеральный обмен, а также и потребность в новых методах диагностики и лечения участвуют в поддержании многих других процессов заставляет исследователей по всему миру все больше в организме. В семейство входят ПТГ, паратгормонподобный пеп- ные мышцы, мочевой пузырь, легкие, желчные протоки, тид (ПТГпП; parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHrP) печень, матку, семенники, иммунокомпетентные струки тубероинфундибулярный пептид 39 (tuberoinfundibular туры и многие эндокринные органы, включая гипофиз peptide 39, TIP39, также известный как PTH2). The family includes PTH, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39, known as PTH2). The genes encoding these peptides have highly homologous amino acid regions in the N-(amino) terminal receptor-binding sites of each family member, as well as the preserved structure of their organization, which seems to be due to the presence of one parent gene.
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