Abstract
The paraoxonase gene family in humans includes three members: PON1, PON2 and PON3. The products of those three genes are the following enzymes: paraoxonase 1 (PON1), paraoxonase 2 (PON2) and paraoxonase 3 (PON3). PON1 is mainly associated with a high density lipoprotein (HDL). A small amount of this enzyme is also bound to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and postprandial chylomicrons. PON1 possess organophosphatase, arylesterase and lactonase activity and it hydrolyzes many different substrates. It is also known that PON1 may have antiatherogenic function. Compared to the PON1, PON2 and PON3 are much less studied and described. PON2 is ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein, while PON3 is bound to HDL, like PON1. The both enzymes possess antioxidant properties.
Highlights
The genes paraoxonase 1 (PON1), paraoxonase 2 (PON2) and paraoxonase 3 (PON3) are the members of paraoxonase gene family in humans
The genes PON1, PON2 and PON3 are the members of paraoxonase gene family in humans
PON1, PON2 and PON3 have nine exons, PON1 has an extra codon at the position 106 in exon 4 which is not presented in PON2 and PON3
Summary
The genes PON1, PON2 and PON3 are the members of paraoxonase gene family in humans. These genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 7 and they are structurally similar. Polymorphisms in promoter and coding region of the PON1 gene, together with different non-genetic factors, both affect PON1’s activity and concentration [2,20,28,29,30]. Ex-smokers have PON1’s activity and concentration similar to those found in non-smokers, which indicates a reversible effect of smoking on PON1.
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