Abstract
To accomplish the safety-critical mission of transmission and distribution automation, high availability and stability are always required in the industrial communication networks. The IEC 62439 Standard (Industrial communication networks-High availability automation networks) Part 3 defines the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) protocols. Both redundancy protocols target the process bus described in IEC61850 9-2 [1] and support only Local Area Networks (LANs). It has become an active research area to extend the redundancy protocols to the Wide Area Network (WAN) communication with existing network infrastructure. This paper offers a novel solution, namely the parallel redundancy protocol over the wide area networks (PRPW), to enable PRP over WANs with no added overheads to the data frame, while retaining full compatibility. Moreover, PRPW also strengthens the cyber security against spoofing attacks by maintaining a comprehensive list of remote communication units.
Highlights
The modern transmission and distribution automation system relies on various types of communication, e.g., control data exchanged between the substation and the remote control center, protection data shared within the bay level, sample data sent from measuring devices to the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), control command sent from IED to the switch gear, etc
Even redundancy protocols are enabled within the Local Area Networks (LANs) at both ends; the communication through the Wide Area Network (WAN) could experience a long recovery time if the LANs are connected to the WANs with redundant routers, or even suffer single point failure if each LAN is connected to the WANs with a single router
7) If none of the Hashed MAC Address (HMA) in the remote units list can generate a valid LanID in step 5, the data frame should be forwarded to the upper layer with an increment in the error counter.** *For the sender, to avoid accidentally generating a valid local LanID for remote receivers, the hash function should not generate a HMA with the corresponding bits to the LanID as “0000” or “0001”
Summary
The modern transmission and distribution automation system relies on various types of communication, e.g., control data exchanged between the substation and the remote control center, protection data shared within the bay level, sample data sent from measuring devices to the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), control command sent from IED to the switch gear, etc. The HSR/PRP protocols are designed for and will only benefit the communication within the LANs for the fact that the source MAC address of the data frame, used with a sequence number (assigned by HSR/PRP) as a unique doublet to make forward/discard decisions, will be alerted and lose its uniqueness when transferred from the LANs to the WANs. even redundancy protocols are enabled within the LANs at both ends; the communication through the WANs could experience a long recovery time if the LANs are connected to the WANs with redundant routers, or even suffer single point failure if each LAN is connected to the WANs with a single router.
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