The paper presents a forecast system for wind Ekman upwelling for the Black Sea coast. The system is based on the calculation of the upwelling criterion, which depends on the wind speed and wind direction and the thickness of the upper mixed layer. The archived wind forecast was extracted from the COSMO-Ru07 model. The upwelling forecast with a lead time

Abstract

Criteria of cumulative temperatures for the calculation of optimal sowing periods for winter grain crops (wheat, triticale, rye) were specified on the basis of monitoring data from the hydrometeorological observation network, results of tilling capacity studies, and literary sources. The optimal sowing periods and average air temperature for these periods were determined, which provide the highest correlation between the beginning and end of the sowing periods for winter crops. The equations of the relationship between the dates of the beginning and end of winter grain crop sowing at the observation stations are derived depending on average air temperature. Optimal periods for sowing winter grain crops were determined for the period from 2000 to 2020. A distribution of cumulative active temperatures (zoning) on the territory of Belarus for the autumn period was obtained. Аn algorithm for specifying optimal sowing periods for winter grain crops in a particular year оn the basis of forecasted temperature for September was developed. Keywords: climate change, cumulative temperatures, nongrowing season dates, optimal sowing periods for winter grain crops