The oxidatively induced DNA lesions 8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyadenosine are strongly resistant to acid-induced hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond

Abstract

The 8,5′-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides (cPu) are unique oxidatively induced DNA lesions in that they are specifically repaired by NER. In the absence of NER, a possible mechanism for cPu removal is spontaneous glycosidic bond hydrolysis followed by enzymic processing. Such a mechanism could be significant if the glycosidic bond in cPu were substantially destabilized, as shown for other DNA lesions. Therefore, we investigated the stability of the glycosidic bond in a cPu, (5′ S)-8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine ( S-cdA) against acid hydrolysis. For comparison, we also studied 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyadenosine (8-OH-dA). We found that the glycosidic bond in S-cdA is ≈40-fold more resistant to glycosidic bond hydrolysis compared to dA. Interestingly, under the same conditions, the glycosidic bond in 8-OH-dA was even more stable than in S-cdA. These studies effectively rule out any mechanism for the removal of S-cdA or 8-OH-dA from DNA that requires spontaneous glycosidic bond hydrolysis, and further support the proposed role of cPu in the neurodegeneration observed in xeroderma pigmentosum patients who lack NER. Of broader significance, since NER does not function in non-transcribed DNA sequences of terminally differentiated cells, including neurons, cPu are expected to accumulate in such sequences even in individuals with normal NER, which could be important in the ageing process.