Abstract
The evolution of the use of the 14/4n series method has resulted in the discovery of skeletal numbers. The skeletal numbers have rendered the testing of the 18-and 8-electron rules much easier and faster. In the same way, they have been very useful in simplifying the categorization of clusters, the prediction of shapes, and the matching of isolobal fragments. Furthermore, the skeletal numbers have made it possible to tentatively assign ligands to individual skeletal elements in such way that the 18- or 8-electron rule is obeyed. Thus, skeletal numbers can be utilized as a simple guide in analyzing and understanding clusters.
Highlights
The Wade-Mingos rules (PSEPT) have been exceedingly helpful in analyzing and categorizing clusters for several decades (Wade, 1971; Mingos, 1972; Rudolph, 1976; Welch, 2013)
The 4n(14n) series method developed in this work, in which n represents the number of skeletal elements in a cluster, can be used to categorize a wide range of clusters, among others, transition metal carbonyls, boranes, heteroboranes, metalloboranes, Zintl ions, and gold clusters (Kiremire, 2015a, 2015b,2016c,2016d, 2017)
The building block for transition metals is based on a cluster fragment of [14] electrons, and for main group elements it is [4] electrons
Summary
The Wade-Mingos rules (PSEPT) have been exceedingly helpful in analyzing and categorizing clusters for several decades (Wade, 1971; Mingos, 1972; Rudolph, 1976; Welch, 2013). In an attempt to understand these rules and the pattern within clusters especially the osmium carbonyls, the 14n and 4n rules were revealed for transition and main group elements (Kiremire, 2014; Kiremire, 2015a). On further scrutiny of the series and clusters, the skeletal numbers of transition and main group elements were recently discovered (Kiremire, 2016a). These skeletal numbers have made the analysis and characterization of clusters much easier (Kiremire, 2016b). It is hoped that our readers will enjoy the rapidity and smooth flow of using skeletal numbers to analyze and study clusters and that they can be applied to other more complex cluster systems
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