The Outcome in Cirrhosis after Hospital Discharge is Not Worsened with COVID-19 Infection: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundPatients with cirrhosis and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have high in-hospital mortality. The information on the outcome of cirrhosis patients in the posthospitalization period is limited.AimsWe aimed to study the outcome of cirrhosis patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge.MethodsThe records of the cirrhosis patients discharged after COVID-19 were reviewed. Their data were compared with a similar number of cirrhosis patients without COVID-19 after propensity score matching for age, sex, etiology of cirrhosis, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score.ResultsCirrhosis patients with (n = 92) or without (n = 92) COVID-19 were included in 1:1 ratio. The mortality among COVID-19 (22; 23.9%) and non-COVID-19 (19; 20.7%) were comparable (HR 1.224; 95% CI 0.663–2.263, P = 0.520), over a similar duration of follow-up [186 (86–271) vs. 183 (103–274)]. Among COVID-19 patients, 45; 48.9% developed a new acute decompensation-increased ascites (40; 43.5%), hepatic encephalopathy (20; 21.7%), or variceal bleeding (8; 8.7%) whereas 25 (27.2%) patients needed rehospitalization. A proportion of participants continued to have either fatigue/weakness (24/80; 30.0%), sleep disturbances (11/80; 13.7%), or joint pains (16/80; 20.0%). The most common causes of death in patients of both groups were end-stage liver disease: 16 (72.7%) vs. 9 (47.4%), followed by multiorgan dysfunction: 4 (18.2%) vs. 6 (31.6%), GI bleeding: 2 (9.1%) vs. 4 (21.0%), P = 0.484. A lower albumin level, higher international normalized ratio, bilirubin, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, and MELD scores at discharge predicted mortality in the COVID-19 group.ConclusionShort-term outcomes of patients with cirrhosis who survive the initial insult of COVID-19 are not different from patients without COVID-19, and survival is determined by the severity of liver disease at discharge.