Abstract
Most discussions of the conceptual origins of integrated pest management (IPM) for crop protection center on the overuse and overdependence of chemical pesticides following World War II and their subsequent unfavorable consequences. Included among examples of these unfavorable consequences are the development of chemical-pesticide-resistant insect and plant pathogen populations, rapid resurgence of target pest populations following treatment, outbreaks of unleashed secondary pests, and undesirable environmental effects. Then as the story goes, this series of mishaps was countered by the wisdom of a few omniscient soothsayers in the form of pest management. Another account described it as a mixture of “idealism, evangelism, pursuit of fashion, fundraising, and even empire-building. The movement has indeed acquired the impetus and character of a religious revival....” (Price Jones, 1970).
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