Abstract
Abstract This chapter explores the origins and development of anarchism as an ideology. It identifies key classical anarchists and explores their differences in terms of the unique local conditions and ideas that they were challenged to engage. Classical anarchist thought arose out of an engagement with the failures of the French Revolution, the experiences of slavery in the United States and Russia, and in response to the Utopian socialism of Robert Owen and others. Crucially, anarchists rejected the republican idea that freedom was only possible in the state. Anarchists argued that the state and private property were antithetical to freedom from domination, associating both with the enforcement of a new form of ‘wage slavery’.
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