The origin of the word mazija ‘steel’

Abstract

The word mazija ?steel; forging ingot; a kind of ordeal which required plucking red-hot iron from a cauldron of boiling water? is common in the western part of the Shtokavian dialect continuum. Its area includes the Zeta-Raska, the Eastern Herzegovinian and the Younger Ikavian dialect, the first of the Old Shtokavian and the other two of the Neo-Shtokavian type. There are no attestations of this word earlier than the first half of the 18th century. So far, it has been mainly believed to share a common origin with the homonymous mazija ?oak gall? from Turkish maz? id. This stance is hardly acceptable in view of the fact that not only the meanings of the two words but also their geographical distributions strongly diverge, mazija in the oak gall sense being limited to the Kosovo-Resava and Timok-Prizren dialect areas of southern Serbia. The comparison with French maz?e ?refined iron?, is even more doubtful, because this term has been attested only since 1824 and with no known etymology, The true origin of m?zija < maz?ja (gvozdja) should be sought in the late Greek (5th century AD) ????(?)? ??? ??????? ?iron mass shaped by a blacksmith?; the plural form ????? ??????? occurs in a Greek charter issued in 1347 by the Serbian tsar Dusan to the Great Lavra on Mt Athos. Curiously enough, in two Serbian founding charters of the same epoch there is a parallel passage where among other yearly incomes granted to the monastery iron ingots are mentioned, designated here by the gen. pl. nad'('), with complements gvozd(i)ja ?of iron? and m?r?nyh' ?of a standard weight?. The term is Slavic nada or nado, derivative from