Abstract
Thus as early as 1833 the Commission d'Agrique suggested to the French government that “to bring these peoples under the subjection of our social order, to force them to labor the soil, to make of them industrial machines, and at last taxable, would be a very fine result” [116]. In fact, in retrospect the French state has succeeded not only in tying a large number of agricultural workers to the plantations of the settlers (600,000 seasonal and permanent workers in the 1950s), but also in attracting many migrant workers to metropolitan France itself, where they were transformed into “industrial machines” (over 800,000 Algerians were in France in 1974; all of them migrated in search of employment). One conclusion is inescapable: capitalism, in the colonized world as in its country of birth, has resulted in the brutal expropriation of the means of production of the petty commodity producers and peasants. As Maurice Dobb observed:
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