Abstract
Who were the Sumerians? Where did they originate? For those who are not familiar with this remarkable, resourceful and intelligent people, who not only invented writing but also established the true mythological foundations of all main religions of the world, simply put, they taught us almost everything. Four different points regarding the current known archeological evidence are evaluated separately, and the Sumerians’ unique and strongly sacred mythological beliefs related to the lapis lazuli stone and the myth’s origin are analyzed. The uniqueness of the lapis mine location in the Hindu Kush Mountains and the unique (fingerprint) trace element and other physical characteristics of this metamorphic sacred blue stone of the Sumerians are the primary points of focus. The only possible and provable location of their original homeland, “based on the analysis” is; between the Caspian Sea and the Hindu Kush and Kopet Mountains, which is in Turkmenistan. This analysis and conclusion are based on “multiple independent factors”: current archeological excavations, the uniqueness of metamorphic lapis lazuli as a stone and over 6000 years of lapis lazuli mining at a fixed location (absolutely necessary requirements for the origin of strong lapis mythology) and current credible biogeographic DNA evidence and the distribution of R1b haplogroup of “Arbins”, as recently described by Dr. Anatole A. Klyosov. The Sumerians initial migration presumably began with a persistent drought in their original homeland, that eventually forced them to abandon their home migrate and resettle in the southern fertile lands of the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and eventually further south near the banks of Nile River in north east Africa.
Highlights
The recent remarkable excavations at the ancient river settlements north of the Kopet Mountains in Turkmenistan and the so-called Margiana revealed an advanced civilization in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages (Harris et al, 1996; Sarianidi, 1994, 1995), and helped to answer the question of who these Sumerians were? The first ever agricultural Neolithic settlements in the Murgab River delta of Türkmenistan appeared as early as the 7th millennium BC
Who are not very familiar with this remarkable, resourceful and intelligent people known as the Sumerians throughout human history, who invented writing and established the true mythological foundations of all main religions of the world today, put they taught us almost everything (Kramer, 1963)
In other words if one argues that the lapis lazuli of Sumerians originated somewhere other than the Sar-e-Sangh mines of the Hindu Kush Mountains east of Turkmenistan, where Gonur Tepe and other Neolithic and Bronze age settlements were located, it can be proved that the famous UR standard of the Sumerians found at the British Museum’s LAPIS LAZULI collection is mined from the Hindu Kush Mountains at the Sar-e-Sang lapis mines in Badakhshan, Afghanistan, but nowhere else, (Moorey, 1999)
Summary
The recent remarkable excavations at the ancient river settlements north of the Kopet Mountains in Turkmenistan and the so-called Margiana revealed an advanced civilization in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages (Harris et al, 1996; Sarianidi, 1994, 1995), and helped to answer the question of who these Sumerians were? The first ever agricultural Neolithic settlements in the Murgab River delta of Türkmenistan appeared as early as the 7th millennium BC.For those, who are not very familiar with this remarkable, resourceful and intelligent people known as the Sumerians throughout human history, who invented writing and established the true mythological foundations of all main religions of the world today, put they taught us almost everything (Kramer, 1963).Linguistic scholars from around the world have attempted to associate the Sumerians with the ancient cuneiform language, but have agreed on nothing. The recent remarkable excavations at the ancient river settlements north of the Kopet Mountains in Turkmenistan and the so-called Margiana revealed an advanced civilization in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages (Harris et al, 1996; Sarianidi, 1994, 1995), and helped to answer the question of who these Sumerians were?
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