The organization of piriform cortex and the lateral olfactory tract following the loss of mitral cells in PCD mice.

Abstract

Homozygous Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mice exhibit a selective loss of olfactory bulb mitral cells (MCs) after 4 months of age. This selective degeneration leaves a subpopulation of denervated granule cells which establish new reciprocal dendro-dendritic synapses with unaffected tufted cells (TCs) (14). This suggests a capacity for plasticity in TCs and raises the question of whether a comparable degree of reorganization occurs in their axonal terminals in piriform cortex (PC) following the loss of MCs. Homozygous (experimental) and heterozygous (control) PCD mice were routinely perfused and processed for electron microscopy. A quantitative electron microscopic analysis was performed on radially oriented micrograph montages spanning from the pia into layer II of PC. After MC loss in the experimental animals there was a decrease in density of larger myelinated axons in the lateral olfactory tract (LOT). Myelinated axons in the LOT had a mean cross-sectional diameter of 1.26 +/- 0.04, and 0.81 +/- 0.025 microm in the control and experimental mice, respectively. In superficial layer I of PC, control mice had presynaptic axonal terminals from mitral and tufted cells with characteristic electron lucent (light) profiles establishing asymmetric synapses with pyramidal cell dendrites. In contrast, the experimental mice showed a decrease in electron lucent terminals and a robust increase in electron dense (dark) presynaptic associational terminals. Although the overall synaptic density did not differ between the control and experimental mice (16.40 +/- 0.94 and 18.10 +/- 0.96 synapses/100 microm2, respectively), an overall decrease in the thickness of Layer 1 suggests that the total number of synapses decreases following MC loss. In addition to the apparent increase of associational terminals, the diameter of terminal enlargements increased as well as the number of multiple synaptic contact per terminals in the experimental animal, suggesting further compensatory mechanisms for the loss of MC presynaptic terminals.