The orbit deployment strategy of OOS system for refueling near-earth orbit satellites

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Extend lifetime of near-earth orbit satellites by on-orbit refueling has significant economic benefits, while the orbit deployment strategy of the on-orbit servicing (OOS) system which implements the refueling task directly affects the efficiency of on-orbit refueling mission. Three orbit deployment modes were proposed, including ground deployment, low earth orbit (LEO) deployment and the same orbit deployment. For the client satellites to be refueled on near-earth orbit including LEO, medium earth orbit (MEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GEO), the three deployment modes were compared quantitatively based on two evaluation indicators: the refueling response time and the economic benefits. The comparing results showed that for MEO and GEO client satellites, it is appropriate to adopt the same orbit deployment mode, while for LEO client satellites, ground deployment mode is more suitable. As the maximum economic benefits can be earned to refuel GEO client satellites, the orbit deployment scheme of OOS system for refueling GEO client satellites was further studied. A new architecture of OOS system called “1+N” consist of 1 fuel storage station and N refueling vehicles was proposed. The fuel storage station carries a great deal of fuel, running on orbit steadily. The refueling vehicles maneuver on GEO and implement the refueling operations for GEO client satellites. If the vehicles run out of fuel, they arrive at the station to be refueled. The weight and orbital altitude of fuel storage station, the number, weight, orbital altitude and orbital phase of refueling vehicles are the key parameters of the orbit deployment scheme. The mathematical model for optimizing the scheme was constructed, which takes shorten the refueling response time and lower the cost of OOS system as multi-objective. The calculation process of the optimization was explained. By analyzing the optimization results, the optimal orbit deployment scheme of OOS system containing 1 fuel storage station and 4 to 6 refueling vehicles was proposed.