Abstract
This paper presents the “model construction method”, an optimization method and industrial internet of things (IIoT) technology that is proposed for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB), providing a comfortable visual environment by only utilizing natural light while improving its induced indoor air conditioner energy consumption (ACEC). The incident light is sampled by light sensors, and this data is sent to the cloud server. The visual comfort and indoor ACEC, both of which are induced by incident light, are combined as the optimization objective, and the area of windows covered by curtains is used as the optimal parameter in the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The visual comfort and indoor ACEC induced by incident light are modeled, and the construction method is independent of the geographical location. Five modes are defined for applications with different purposes, the performance of which are investigated and compared carefully. The result shows that natural light could provide comfortable visual comfort, while the ACEC induced by it could be reduced effectively.
Highlights
Zero energy buildings have attracted lots of interests and work over the last decade, as building energy consumption plays an import role in total energy consumption [1]; about 40% of total energy in developed countries [2], and about 25% in China [3]
Compared with mode 2, which has the best visual comfort, mode 3 reduces air conditioner power about 117 w (24.5%), while the visual comfort is nearly the same. These results show that it is practicable to provide good visual comfort by utilizing only natural light, while the air conditioner energy consumption (ACEC) caused by natural light could be reduced effectively
particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the curtain-covered area of windows, and five modes are investigated for different applications, which are defined as below: (a) mode 1: a = 1 and b = 0, indicates that only energy consumption is concerned. (b) mode 2: a = 0 and b = 1, indicates that only visual comfort is concerned. (c) mode 3: a = 2 and b = 1, indicates that energy consumption has priority. (d) mode 4: a = 1 and b = 2, indicates that visual comfort has priority. (e) mode 5: a = 1 and b = 1, indicates the moderate policy
Summary
Zero energy buildings (nZEB) have attracted lots of interests and work over the last decade, as building energy consumption plays an import role in total energy consumption [1]; about 40% of total energy in developed countries [2], and about 25% in China [3]. In [13], an efficient home energy management controller (EHEMC) based on genetic harmony search algorithm (GHSA) is proposed to reduce electricity expense, peak to average ratio (PAR), and maximize user comfort. In [17,18], energy saving is achieved based on a Multi-Agent architecture, which is the representative architecture in this field In these works, the visual comfort is not taken into account. An IIoT-based smart controlling system and the corresponding models, model construction method and optimization method, are proposed for providing a comfortable visual environment by utilizing only natural light, while improving its induced ACEC effectively. These results show that it is practicable to provide good visual comfort by utilizing only natural light, while the ACEC caused by natural light could be reduced effectively
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