Abstract
In this study, the problem is to find a route for a UAV that takes off from Istanbul to observe the damages that may occur after the possible Istanbul earthquake within the first 24 hours. In the problem, 230 candidate grid points that UAV can visit on Istanbul are determined and the weight values combining the risk values based on earthquake degree zones and the population densities of the grid points are calculated for each candidate point. It is aimed to find a route for the UAV to maximize the total weights of the visited grid points under the UAV range constraint. The described problem is adapted to the Orienteering Problem in the literature. Since the Orienteering Problem is an NP-hard problem, a problem-specific genetic algorithm and a simulated annealing algorithm are developed to solve the problem. The parameters of the algorithms are tuned by experiments. 15 different scenarios including the daily number of visits (of taken images) and the airports that the UAV takes and lands off after the earthquake are created and tried to be solved exactly via ILOG and approximately via developed metaheuristics. While the optimal solutions are found for 2 of 15 scenarios via ILOG, the designed genetic algorithm has better solutions and can solve the problem within acceptable CPU times for the rest of the scenarios.
Highlights
Istanbul connects two continents (Europe and Asia) and it is the largest city in Europe with over 15 million population
The parameters of the algorithms are tuned by experiments. 15 different scenarios including the daily number of visits and the airports that the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) takes and lands off after the earthquake are created and tried to be solved exactly via ILOG and approximately via developed metaheuristics
The problem is to find a route for a UAV to observe the possible damages that can be occurred by an expected Istanbul earthquake
Summary
Istanbul connects two continents (Europe and Asia) and it is the largest city in Europe with over 15 million population. The UAV types are categorized as micro, light, medium, heavy and super-heavy weighted with fixed, single rotary or multi rotary wings They may have long (≥400 km.), medium (400-100 km.) or short (≤100 km.) flight ranges [3]. Most of the researchers focus on the conceptual usage of UAV, the image or video processing of a part of the land and there are real implementations for small-sized areas with generally micro or light-weighted short-ranged UAVs for preand post-earthquake occasions. The main contribution of this paper is to solve a possible postdisaster case by using a long-range UAV for a quite big disaster area (i.e. Istanbul is 5461 km). The possible post-earthquake damages in Istanbul can be detected via routing that type of UAV.
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