Abstract
Cemented paste backfill (CPB) technology has been applied quite popular around the world. Determining a reliable filling material mix proportions is an important aspect of mine backfilling. To produce effective CPB materials at copper mines technologically and economically, Box–Behnken design experimental program (four factors and three levels) was carried out to test the optimal mix proportions with unclassified tailings. Results of the test indicated that slump decreased first and then increased with the increase in the pumping agent content. However, the slump decreased with the mass concentration, cement content and tailing/rock ratio. And 28-day uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) was positively correlated with rock content and mass concentration. The sensitive degrees of each variable to the slump and UCS were determined, and the influence of law and mechanism of each factor on the response value was analyzed. Relationships of paste properties and influential factors can be demonstrated with regression analysis. Additionally, the optimal mix proportion for cement paste backfill was obtained with 76.75% mass concentration, 3.35 tailing/rock ratio, 0.1 cement/(tailing + rock) ratio and 1.24% pumping agent addition. The slump and UCS of the optimal mixture were 24.1 cm and 1.59 MPa, respectively. The experimental results showed a feasible way to produce the industry standard backfilling materials.
Highlights
In order to meet the needs of sustainable economic development, the development of mineral resources is growing
It was indicated that the predicted value of the slump and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the Box– Behnken design experiment had a good fitting degree to the actual value obtained by the experiment
Experimental factors consist of mass concentration, cement/(tailing ? rock) ratio, tailing/rock ratio and pumping agent addition
Summary
In order to meet the needs of sustainable economic development, the development of mineral resources is growing. With the depletion of shallow surface resources and the growing demand for mineral resources in social development, deep well mining will be the future direction of mining [1, 2]. Due to the characteristics of deep mining high stress, high ground pressure and high ground temperature, coupled with the sustainable development trend of building green mines and mining, the backfilling mining method has become the preferred method for deep mining. CPB technology is favored by mining enterprises because of its non-stratification, non-segregation and non-precipitation characteristics [3]. CPB reduces the consumption of cement, and effectively supports the roof, reduces drainage and makes the tailings produced by the mine fully utilized [4, 5]. This controls the cost of filling the goaf significantly, and improves the environmental pollution problem and promotes the sustainable development of the mine [6]
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