The optimal timing of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis according to evidence-based studies

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Aim . To analyze of the optimal time of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis based on the results of evidence-based studies of domestic and foreign clinical guidelines. Materials and methods . A review has been conducted based on an analysis of the clinical recommendations of the Russian Federation and other countries and meta-analyzes of clinical trial, published since 2015. Results . The surgical method is the main treatment approach of acute cholecystitis both in our country and abroad. Possible differences in assessing the results of surgical interventions are due to different ways of determining the time to perform the surgery (report from the onset of the disease, from the diagnosis, and also taking into account the time of hospitalization). In the majority of the world evidence-based studies early cholecystectomy have been defined as a surgery within 3-7 days after onset. The expediency of performing early operations with a persistent attack of acute cholecystitis is due to the inability to control the course of gallbladder's inflammation, the shorter duration of hospitalization and cost-effectiveness advantages. Conclusion . In clinical practice, taking into account the heterogeneity of the patient population with acute cholecystitis and various conditions for the provision of surgical care, early operations within the first three days from the onset of symptoms remains preferred.