Abstract
Modern Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow for positioning with accuracies ranging from tens of meters to single millimeters depending on user requirements and available equipment. A major disadvantage of these systems is their unavailability or limited availability when the sky is obstructed. One solution is to use additional range measurements from ground-based nodes located in the vicinity of the receiver. The highest accuracy of distance measurement can be achieved using ultra wide band (UWB) or ZigBee phase shift measurement. The position of the additional transmitter must be carefully selected in order to obtain the optimal improvement in the dilution of precision (DOP), which reflects the improvement in the geometry of solution. The presented case study depicts a method for selecting the optimal location of a ground-based ranging source. It is based on a search of a minimum DOP value as a transmitter location function. The parameters of objective function are the elevation and azimuth of the transceiver. The solution was based on a limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno with Box constraints (L-BFGS-B) method and a numerical optimization algorithm for parameter value estimation. The presented approach allows for the selection of the optimal location of a ground-based source of ranging signals in GNSS processing from a geometry of solution point of view. This can be useful at the design stage of an augmentation network of ground-based transceivers. This article presents a theoretical basis and a case study presenting the selection of the optimal location of a ground-based ranging source.
Highlights
Modern Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow for positioning with accuracies ranging from tens of meters to single millimeters depending on user requirements and available equipment
The proposed approach can be useful at the design stage of the local area augmentation system based on additional ranging measurements
We define the optimal location of a GNSS augmentation transceiver as a minimum of PDOP function
Summary
Modern Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow for positioning with accuracies ranging from tens of meters to single millimeters depending on user requirements and available equipment. Even if only part of the sky is obstructed, an unfavorable distribution of satellites can result in substantial positioning uncertainty, reflected in the large dilution of precision (DOP) parameter values To mitigate this problem and to allow for positioning in unfavorable conditions, local area ground-based augmentation of GNSS can be introduced. In many cases these systems provide an improvement in accuracy by correcting the GNSS observables in order to eliminate the impact of common errors (ephemeris and satellite clock errors and ionospheric and tropospheric delays) [1] Another solution is to use additional range measurement from ground-based nodes located in the vicinity of the receiver.
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