Abstract
Abstract The theory of image formation in the electron microscope is explained in terms of amplitude and phase contrast-transfer functions in great detail. The notion of transparency is described and strong and weak objects are defined. The effects of spherical aberration and defocus are presented at length. The experimental verification of the theory by Friedrich Thon is reproduced. Phase plates and absorption plates are discussed in connection with zone plates and phase-changing devices. Resolution is considered in the light of the contrast-transfer functions. The effect of partial coherence of the illumination is examined.
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