The opportunities of using a natural adaptogen from the <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae in veterinary medicine

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the adaptation effects of the Porsolt test of fractionated solutions obtained from the products of the larvae of the large wax moth (Galleria mellonella) on biological systems was performed. The method of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy determined that in the obtained light fraction of the products of larval life there is a high-energy component of N1s spectra (~402.0 eV) and bond energy for carbon in the C-N bond (~286.0 eV), which indicates the presence of protonated amino groups in the samples. Absorption at 1700 cm-1 can be attributed to the presence of dicarboxylic amino acids (glutamic and aspartic) and other organic acids, which are much less in the heavy fraction. During oral administration of the studied extracts, their multidirectional effect on the intestines of laboratory mice was found. The negative effect of heavy fraction on the microbiocenosis of the intestine by the qualitative composition of the microflora was detected. When the light fraction is used, the intestinal microflora is close to the control. Analysis of the number of leukocytes of the small intestine when the fractions were injected reflected the local immune response of the body. The content of these cells on the mucosal plate of mice injected with the lung fraction was 67.2% higher than that of the control mice (p ≤ 0.05). The content of leukocytes on the own plate of the mucosa of mice injected with the heavy fraction was 2.7 times higher compared to the control, indicating an inflammatory reaction. The difference between the experimental groups is significant (p ≤ 0.001). The comparative effect of the fractions showed that their oral administration had a different effect on the swimming time compared to the control. After 20 days of the experiment, mice injected with the heavy fraction had significantly increased their swimming time compared to the first day (p ≤ 0.05). However, a negative adaptogenic effect compared to the control group is noticeable. A significant difference was found between the results on the 30th day between the experimental groups, which indicates a pronounced difference in the results obtained.