Abstract
The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) is a global high-spatial resolution gridded emission data product that distributes carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. The emission spatial distributions are estimated at a 1×1 km spatial resolution over land using power plant profiles (emission intensity and geographical location) and satellite-observed nighttime lights. This paper describes the year 2016 version of the ODIAC emission data product (ODIAC2016) and presents analyses that help guiding data users, especially for atmospheric CO2 tracer transport simulations and flux inversion analysis. Since the original publication in 2011, we have made modifications to our emission modeling framework in order to deliver a comprehensive global gridded emission data product. Major changes from the 2011 publication are 1) the use of emissions estimates made by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by fuel type (solid, liquid, gas, cement manufacturing, gas flaring and international aviation and marine bunkers), 2) the use of multiple spatial emission proxies by fuel type such as nightlight data specific to gas flaring and ship/aircraft fleet tracks and 3) the inclusion of emission temporal variations. Using global fuel consumption data, we extrapolated the CDIAC emissions estimates for the recent years and produced the ODIAC2016 emission data product that covers 2000-2015. Our emission data can be viewed as an extended version of CDIAC gridded emission data product, which should allow data users to impose global fossil fuel emissions in more comprehensive manner than original CDIAC product. Our new emission modeling framework allows us to produce future versions of ODIAC emission data product with a timely update. Such capability has become more significant given the CDIAC/ORNL's shutdown. ODIAC data product could play an important role to support carbon cycle science, especially modeling studies with space-based CO2 data collected near real time by ongoing carbon observing missions such as Japanese Greenhouse Observing SATellite (GOSAT), NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) and upcoming future missions. The ODIAC emission data product including the latest version of the ODIAC emission data (ODIAC2017, 2000-2016), is distributed from http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/ with a DOI.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion are the main cause for the observed increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration
Land emissions are further divided into two emissions categories and distributed at a 1 × 1 km resolution in the ways described in Oda and Maksyutov (2011): point source emissions are mapped using power plant profiles taken from the Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) database (Wheeler and Ummel, 2008) and nonpoint source emissions are distributed using nighttime light data collected by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites (e.g., Elvidge et al, 1999)
To account for the difference in emissions reporting categories, the EDGAR totals were calculated as the total short cycle C emissions minus the sum of emissions from agriculture (IPCC code: 4C and 4D), land use change and forestry (5A, C, D, F, and 4E), and waste (6C)
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion are the main cause for the observed increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) estimated that the global total fossil fuel CO2 emissions (FFCO2; fuel combustion, cement production, and gas flaring) in the year 2014 was 9.855 PgC based on fuel statistics data published by the United Nations, UN (Boden et al, 2017). This FFCO2 estimate often serves as a reference in carbon budget analysis, especially for inferring CO2 uptake by the terrestrial biosphere and oceans (e.g., Ballantyne et al, 2012; Le Quéré et al, 2016). This paper describes ODIAC2016, the readers should be able to understand how we developed ODIAC2017 (the latest) with updated information
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