Abstract
Abstract To elucidate the osmoregulatory mechanisms underpinning the invasion of fresh water by the palaemonid Crustacea, we investigate the contribution of free amino acids (FAA) to intracellular isosmotic regulation in selected ontogenetic stages of two diadromous, neotropical shrimps, Macrobrachium amazonicum and M. olfersi, exposed to fresh water or to saline media. We also evaluate anisosmotic/ionic extracellular regulatory capability in adult M. amazonicum alone; all data for adult M. olfersi are from McNamara et al. (2004). Adult shrimps show similar osmotic and ionic regulatory capabilities, including elevated hemolymph osmolality in fresh water, moderate isosmotic points, hyper-regulatory capability up to 20‰, and good tolerance of saline media. However, the two species rely on brackish water to different degrees to complete their life cycles: while M. olfersi zoeae 1 and 2 survive well in fresh water, those of M. amazonicum die within two hours. Total FAA titers increase significantly over the o...
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