The Ongoing Religious Turmoil in Pakistani Society and Their Resolution: A perspective in the Context of the Islamic Covenant in Kashmir

Abstract

Abstract In the Islamic rule of Kashmir (1339-1819), a series of religious disturbances unfolded, with the chain continuing unabated. The majority of the Chak Sultans followed the Shia sect. During this era, the promotion and propagation of the Shia religion took place in Kashmir, and various incidents of religious upheaval occurred under the rule of the authorities. In Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin's era, Chak rulers dominated Kashmir, and although Chak Khanadan flourished during his reign, Sultan dealt with their destructive activities wisely. Not only did he propose strict measures to control and prevent them, but he also took other effective actions. Firstly, he established strict supervision over them. Secondly, he divided them and settled them in various places. Thirdly, he provided them with jobs, employment, and opportunities for work so that they could turn away from destructive activities. He not only ordered the execution of the saboteurs but also implemented special measures for their families, sparing them from mistreatment. Instead, he established a special bond for their livelihoods. Emperor Akbar, the Mughal ruler, managed Kashmir by offering equal access to religious groups in his court. He controlled them through rewards and incentives, maintaining control over the region.