Abstract
To alleviate the problems of traffic congestion, excessive energy consumption, and the environmental pollution caused by private cars, it is essential to use public transportation (PT). However, passengers making multiple trips in a short time period must repeatedly make travel mode choices, purchase tickets, and wait for buses for each trip, which may negatively affect their preference for PT. In order to improve the attractiveness of PT, especially for passengers requiring multiple trips in a short time period, this paper proposes the one e-ticket customized bus service mode for passengers with multiple trips (OECBSM-PMT) by customized buses (CBs). Besides, a CB-routing optimization model for the OECBSM-PMT is also developed in this paper, formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming based on a vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery and time windows (VRPPDTW). The model aims to maximize the profit and minimize the costs of operation with considering passengers with multi-trip requests, homogeneous CB fleets with pickup/delivery-time-window constraints, and mixed loads. A service effectiveness identification procedure based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to cope with the calculation considering the characteristics of passengers with multiple trips. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm are verified and analyzed using the case of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. It can be found from the results that the method can provide an optimized CB route plan and timetable, and the algorithm GA-I obtains better solutions than other solving strategies in most instances. The proposed OECBSM-PMT and corresponding optimized method can better adapt to diverse travel demands, significantly improve the convenience for passengers, especially those making multiple trips in a short time period and will eventually promote a higher level of public transport service.
Highlights
To satisfy the travel demand of these passengers with multiple trips, this paper proposes the one e-ticket customized bus service mode for passengers with multiple trips (OECBSM-PMT), which can overcome the shortcomings of traditional customized buses (CBs) services, such as the need to repeatedly make travel mode choices, purchase tickets, and wait for buses for each trip
This paper proposed a one e-ticket customized bus service mode for passengers with multiple trips (OECBSM-PMT), which can provide flexible, convenient, and high-level mobile services for passengers who need to travel multiple times in a short period of time
The service mode can improve the quality of public transportation (PT) services in terms of reducing the complexity of multiple travel decisions, repeated ticket purchases, and waiting for buses for each trip, thereby encouraging passengers to switch from private cars to buses, which can reduce energy consumption and exhaust emissions, and alleviate traffic congestion
Summary
The rapid development of urbanization in China has diversified travel into aspects such as traveling for commuting, business, sightseeing, and shopping reasons, which has led to an increase in the average number of daily passenger trips. According to the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, there were 27.53 million newly registered cars in 2021, and car ownership was up to 297 million as of September 2021 [2] Such a large number of private cars has caused serious traffic. Excessive exhaust emissions have caused environmental pollution and global warming, making it difficult for the global Paris Agreement, aimed at controlling the rate of increase in global temperatures, to be achieved. To sustainably handle these challenges, a higher use of public transportation (PT). The customized bus (CB), as a new type of PT system, can provide flexible and efficient transit services for passengers with similar travel demands [3], and thereby better encourage passengers to shift from private cars to buses
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