Abstract
Although sturgeon production by aquaculture has increased worldwide, a major factor limiting its expansion are infectious diseases, although few data about viral diseases are available however. This review provides a rapid overview of viral agents detected and described to date. Following a general introduction on viral diseases are four sections arranged by virus classification: sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, herpesviruses, white sturgeon adenovirus 1, and other viruses. Molecular diagnosis is currently the best tool to detect viral diseases, since cell culture isolation is not yet applicable for the detection of most sturgeon viruses.
Highlights
Sturgeon are known to be more resistant than other species to certain diseases in nature since they are anadromous species [1]
A second case was reported by La Patra and co-authors [37], again in white sturgeon, in which case the virus was isolated on cell monolayer and infected wild sturgeon (Columbia River)
The increase in intensive sturgeon farming has led to a consequent increase in infectious diseases
Summary
Sturgeon are known to be more resistant than other species to certain diseases in nature since they are anadromous species [1]. The different sizes of sturgeon positive for the virus suggest a possible vertical transmission and adults as WSIV carriers [14,46,47]; white sturgeon, but other species belonging to the Acipenseridae family can be susceptible (experimentally infected A. fulvescens) [15]; Intensive breeding conditions (e.g., high density) are predisposing factors for disease onset [47]; WSIV is considered an endemism of several American basins (Sacramento-San Joaquin, Columbia, Snake, Kootenai and Fraser rivers), which poses a problem for stocking programs [12,14,19]. Namao virus (NV) has been recognized as the causative agent of a mortality outbreak involving hatchery reared juvenile’s lake sturgeon (A. fulvescens) that occurred in Manitoba, Canada, in 2009 and 2010 [20].
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