Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins may contaminate drinking water resources and their effective control remains challenging. The present study reports on cyanobacterial blooms and associated cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River, a source of drinking water in Poland. The river was examined from July to October 2019 and concentrations of microcystins, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin were monitored. The toxicity of water samples was also tested using an ecotoxicological assay. All studied cyanotoxins were detected with microcystins revealing the highest levels. Maximal microcystin concentrations (3.97 μg/L) were determined in September at Uście point, exceeding the provisional guideline. Extracts from Uście point, where the dominant species were Dolichospermum flos-aquae (August), Microcystis aeruginosa (September), and Planktothrix agardhii (October), were toxic for Dugesia tigrina Girard. Microcystin concentrations (MC-LR and MC-RR) were positively correlated with cyanobacteria biovolume. Analysis of the chemical indicators of water quality has shown relationships between them and microcystins as well as cyanobacteria abundance.
Highlights
Global warming and water pollution by nutrients that cause dangerous cyanobacterial blooms are an increasingly common problem, especially in drinking water sources [1]
Following the latest trend in scientific works aimed at explaining a threat of cyanotoxins in drinking water to human health and environment [2,4,6,7,8,9,16,18,19,21] and based on the earlier conducted studies [9,17] further research was undertaken in the Obrzyca River in the hydrological season of 2019
The studies included extended of cyanotoxin analyses microcystins, Theof amount of cyanobacteria varied betweenscope the three sampling points
Summary
Global warming and water pollution by nutrients that cause dangerous cyanobacterial blooms are an increasingly common problem, especially in drinking water sources [1]. The presence of toxic cyanobacteria and microcystins in drinking water sources is a widespread phenomenon [2]. Cyanotoxin problems in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) are observed in many countries around the world, for example the United States (North America), Brazil (South America), Vietnam, Saudi Arabia (Asia), Egypt (Africa), and Australia [2,3,4,5,6]. In Europe, problems with cyanobacteria metabolites in drinking water are still current [7,8,9]. Apart from making water treatment more difficult (clogging of filters), cyanobacterial blooms may deteriorate the quality of water [10].
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