Abstract
The occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in aqueous environments has potential effects on ecological safety and human health. Three kinds of OMPs (namely, pharmaceuticals, ultraviolet (UV) filters and organophosphate esters (OPEs)) in four drinking water source areas in Henan Province of China were analyzed, and their potential risks were evaluated. Among 48 target chemicals, 37 pollutants with total concentrations ranging from 403.0 to 1751.6 ng/L were detected in water, and 13 contaminants with total concentrations from 326.0 to 1465.4 ng/g (dry weight) were observed in sediment. The aqueous pollution levels in Jiangang Reservoir and Shahe Water Source Area were higher than that in Nanwan Reservoir and Baiguishan Reservoir, while the highest total amount of pollutants in sediment was found in Baiguishan Reservoir. Compared with pharmaceuticals and UV filters, OPEs presented higher concentrations in all investigated drinking water source areas. The highest observed concentration was triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO, 865.2 ng/L) in water and tripentyl phosphate (TPeP, 1289.8 ng/g) in sediment. Moreover, the risk quotient (RQ) analysis implies that the determined aqueous contaminants exhibited high risks to algae and invertebrates, whereas moderate risk to fish was exhibited. The health risk assessment of aqueous OMPs by means of the hazard index (HI) indicates that the risks to adults and children were negligible. These observations are expected to provide useful information for the assessment of water quality in drinking water sources in Henan, China.
Highlights
In recent years, with the rapid urbanization and industrialization, organic micropollutant (OMP)-induced environmental pollution has attracted extensive attention [1,2,3]
Among 48 kinds of OMPs examined in this study, 26 pharmaceuticals, six UV filters and five organophosphate esters (OPEs) were observed above the limit of quantification (LOQ) values at least once in the water
Based on the detected pollutant concentrations, the calculated total amount of OMPs ranges from 403.0 ng/L to 1751.6 ng/L (Figure S1)
Summary
With the rapid urbanization and industrialization, organic micropollutant (OMP)-induced environmental pollution has attracted extensive attention [1,2,3]. Due to their wide use and incomplete elimination, OMPs have been frequently detected in various water. Some pharmaceuticals could increase drug resistance, making drugs ineffective and induce endocrine disruptive conditions [6,7]. Ultraviolet (UV) filters have a tendency to be accumulated in organisms [8,9], causing endocrine disruption, such as antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activity [10,11].
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