Abstract
Abstract Successful acid stimulation programs are achieved when more near well-bore damage is removed than is induced by the acid treating fluid. Acid induced asphaltene sludging is becoming an increasing cause of oil well stimulation treatment failure. Laboratory tests on 231 crude oils from 17 formations in the U.S. and Canada, have been tested for sludge sensitivity. Numerous chemical processes involved in an acid system contribute to the effect of acid on sludge potential. Surface tension has been used in the past as a guideline for predicting the sludge potential of a chemical system. However, surface tension, in and of itself, is not a factor in acid induced sludge. In addition, this data indicates that as oilfields mature and are placed on secondary and tertiary recovery, sludge sensitivity increases. As a result of this data, a crude oil classification system is presented based on API gravity and asphaltene content. By classifying the crude oil, conclusions can be reached regarding sludging potential. This study addresses many such chemical options which include acid strength, acid type, solvent preflush, iron control and additive compatibility. The oxidation potential of iron contaminated acid is also clarified.
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