The Obstacles and Opportunities of the Mineral Resources in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hamed M Jassim

doi:10.46717/igj.54.2d.8ms-2021-10-27

Abstract

The Kurdistan Region in Iraq is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate which is in a collision since the Late Cretaceous with the Iranian Plate. Therefore, large ophiolite bodies have been thrust along the northeastern margins of Kurdistan Region; accordingly, different metallic mineral can be associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks at Penjween, Qalat Diza and Rawandouz vicinities, besides, radioactive minerals like uranium and thorium. Moreover, large and long thrust fault has developed along the northern and northeastern parts of the Kurdistan Region. Along the plane of this huge thrust fault, hydrothermal liquids have deposited different metallic minerals as showings, especially between Zakho and Amadiyah towns. We have presented and discussed the discipline of mineral investment in Kurdistan Region, the announced minerals’ blocks for investment by the Ministry of Natural Resources in the Kurdistan Regional Government, the encouraging factors and obstacles of investments. To fulfill the scope of this work, we have used the best available and updated data as acquired from different sources. The main obstacles which contributed to the backwardness and non-development of the mining industry in the Kurdistan Region can be summarized in the nonexistence of a valid and promising mineral investment law which can attract the big international mining companies to invest in the region, adding to the nonexistence of comprehensive, detailed and mineral exploration studies which can give confident figures of the mineral and ore reserves in the region. The non-availability of a specialized mining education institution which prepares mining expertise and mining engineers who can lead the progress in this regard could count as another hurdle.

Highlights

The mineral wealth in Kurdistan Region (KR), especially the metallic minerals has developed mainly due to the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian (Iranian) plates (Al-Bassam, 2013; Sissakian, 2018; Sissakian et al, 2021)
2021, 54 (2D), 98-112 ongoing (Berberian, 1995; Alavi, 2014; Fouad, 2015) has formed thrust faults by means of which huge ophiolite bodies were emplaced in KR (Al-Mehaidi, 1974; Ali et al, 2012; Awadh, 2019), especially in the northeastern parts at Penjween, Qalat Diza and Rawandouz vicinities (Fig. 1)
Block 7: This block is one of the interesting and encouraging blocks. It is the only block which includes a mine in KR, it is iron mine near Asnawa village, east of Penjween, besides the presence of Cu, Cr and Au as occurrences (Fig. 10)

Summary

Introduction

The mineral wealth in Kurdistan Region (KR), especially the metallic minerals has developed mainly due to the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian (Iranian) plates (Al-Bassam, 2013; Sissakian, 2018; Sissakian et al, 2021). 2021, 54 (2D), 98-112 ongoing (Berberian, 1995; Alavi, 2014; Fouad, 2015) has formed thrust faults by means of which huge ophiolite bodies were emplaced in KR (Al-Mehaidi, 1974; Ali et al, 2012; Awadh, 2019), especially in the northeastern parts at Penjween, Qalat Diza and Rawandouz vicinities (Fig. 1). At the northern parts of KR, where no ophiolite bodies were reached by thrusting, hydrothermal liquids have deposited different minerals along the fault planes (Hassan et al, 1991;, Jassim and Goff, 2006; Yassin, 2009; Yassin and Mahmoud, 2012 and 2019). The interesting minerals’ occurrences and showings are located along the

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