Abstract

Numerical simulations of Fourier acoustics and Helmholtz equation least squares (HELS) based NAH to visualize incoherent point sources separated by 6.25 mm are presented. The acoustic pressure measurements are taken over a 50 × 50 mm2 plane at different stand‐off distances under various signal to noise ratios (SNRs). The considered source frequencies are well above 9 kHz. For Fourier acoustics based NAH, an 11 × 11 microphone array with 5 mm microphone spacing is used to collect the input data. Results show that Fourier acoustics based NAH encounters great challenges in locating these sources as the frequency and stand‐off distance increase and SNR decreases unless regularization is used. On the other hand, a 5 × 5 microphone array with 12.5‐mm microphone spacing is used for HELS under the same conditions without regularization. Clearly, the Nyquist spatial sampling requirement is violated in this case. Nevertheless, if the goal is to identify the locations of discrete airborne sources rather than reconstructing precise sources amplitudes, HELS can still yield satisfactory results. Results show that HELS is capable of locating the discrete airborne sources with a high spatial resolution (<± 2.5 mm) when stand‐off distance is 10 mm and SNR is 10 dB.

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