The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Adibah Maulani,Darmawan Sutantyo,Cendrawasih Andusyana Farmasyanti

doi:10.12688/f1000research.53728.1

Abstract

Background: When moved orthodontically, hypofunctional teeth will have a decreased tooth movement rate compared to normal teeth. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 18 male Wistar rats were given a palatal coil spring application on the maxillary incisors. Rats were divided into two groups, the orthodontic group with normal occlusion (NO) and hypofunctional occlusion (HO). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on days zero (D0), five (D5), and 10 (D10) were tested with two-way ANOVA. Observations were made by hematoxylin eosin staining. Result: The results showed that the number of osteoblasts on the tension side of the HO group was the same at the NO group (p> 0.05). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side in the NO and HO groups at D5 was the same at D10 (p = 0.99), but significantly higher (p = 0.002), than D0. The number of osteoclasts on the pressure side in the HO group was significantly lower than the NO group (p <0.05). The number of osteoclasts in the NO D5 group was significantly higher than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement.

Highlights

Tooth movement in orthodontic treatment is a biological response to mechanical forces characterized by remodeling processes in dental and paradental tissue, including pulp tissue, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva.[1]
The number of osteoblasts in the normal occlusal contact group (NO) increased significantly on day five and continued to increase until day 10, as seen in Table 2, in contrast to the hypofunctional group, which increased until day five but slightly decreased on day 10
This pattern was the same as in the hypofunctional group, which increased until day five, decreased on day 10

Summary

Introduction

Tooth movement in orthodontic treatment is a biological response to mechanical forces characterized by remodeling processes in dental and paradental tissue, including pulp tissue, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva.[1]. Periodontal space's narrowing occurs due to the apposition of the alveolar bone by an increase in Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ), causing tooth elongation.[5] Changes in the paradental structure of hypofunctional teeth cause different reactions when orthodontically moved than normal teeth, especially in periodontal ligament tissue. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on hypofunctional teeth, respectively, during orthodontic tooth movement. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement

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Conclusion