Abstract

Abstract The nucleolus is a subnuclear structure that is involved in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly, and it is also the location of viral replication or cellular stress sensing. However, the function of the nucleolus in the immune response is still unclear. Here, we report that the nucleoli are fused in both macrophages and dendritic cells during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG-DNA stimulation, which activates the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway. Our results from RNA-sequencing analysis reveal that the nucleolus contains diverse RNA transcripts in response to LPS. Furthermore, gene ontology term analysis shows that these RNA species are highly correlated with immune-related functions. More interestingly, intron-containing RNA transcripts are existed in the nucleolus. Our results provide new insight into another mechanism of nucleolus in the immune system.

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