Abstract

Abstract The nuclear fuel cycle is described, including the distinction between the open cycle and the closed cycle. Mining to create yellow cake, and enrichment by gas centrifuge using uranium hexafluoride (HEX), are explained. Fuel fabrication of uranium oxide pellets completes the front-end of the fuel cycle. The benefits and disadvantages of MAGNOX as a fuel pin cladding are explained. The back-end of the fuel cycle covers spent fuel management, fuel pond storage with the visibility of Cherenkov radiation. A flow sheet covering the plutonium-uranium extraction (PUREX) reprocessing method with mixer settlers is explained. The methods for dealing with high-level waste (HLW), by vitrification, are described. It treats the management of intermediate-level waste (ILW) and low-level waste (LLW).

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