The not so familiar silent joint killer: Ochronosis – A case report with review of literature

Abstract

Ochronosis is rarely considered a cause for knee synovitis due to its rare occurrence. It starts affecting the joint from the third decade onward causing premature joint damage. The damaged joint and surrounding tissue present as blackish decolorated mass and can surprise the operating surgeon, unless diagnosed beforehand. Prior diagnosis helps both the anesthetist and operating surgeon to better handle the associated complications of ochronosis during surgery. Diagnosis is essentially based on prior knowledge of the disease and its markers. Here, we report a rare case of ochronosis of the knee that was treated elsewhere previously as tuberculosis of the knee. A history evaluation along with intraoperative findings helped arrive at the possible diagnosis of ochronosis. Total synovectomy was done. Postoperative improvement of visual analog scale score was significant and the patient was satisfied with the pain relief attained through treatment. Early diagnosis and timely management is critical to avoid unwanted complication related to both anesthesia and surgery pertaining to the disease. Knowledge of skin markers and urine darkening helps in identifying the disease early.