The non-enzymatic determination of glucose using an electrolytically fabricated nickel microparticle modified boron-doped diamond electrode or nickel foil electrode

Abstract

A nickel modified boron-doped diamond (Ni-BDD) electrode or nickel foil electrode were used in the non-enzymatic determination of glucose in alkaline solutions. The Ni-BDD electrode was electrodeposited from a 1 mM Ni(NO 3) 2 solution (pH 5), followed by repeat cycling in KOH. Subsequent analysis utilised the Ni(OH) 2/NiOOH redox couple to electrocatalyse the oxidation of glucose. Glucose was determined to limits of 2.7 μM with a sensitivity of 1.04 μA μM −1 cm −2 at the Ni-BDD electrode. The foil electrode was comparably sensitive achieving a limit of 1.8 μM but a relatively lower sensitivity of 0.67 μA μM −1 cm −2. SEM analysis of the electrodes found the Ni-BDD to be modified by a quasi-random microparticle assembly, with approximately 7.6 μg cm −2 of nickel present on the surface.