Abstract
The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a >200-nt lncRNA molecule that regulates several cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, across different types of human cancers. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the expression of GAS5 in leukemia, cervical, breast, ovarian, prostate, urinary bladder, lung, gastric, colorectal, liver, osteosarcoma and brain cancers, as well as its interaction with various miRNAs and its effect on therapy-related resistance in these malignancies. The general consensus is that GAS5 acts as a tumor suppressor across different tumor types and that its up-regulation results in tumor sensitization to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. GAS5 seems to play a previously unappreciated, but significant role in tumor therapy-induced resistance.
Highlights
The massive and rapid increase in the amount of human genome-scale DNA sequencing and the parallel development of methods to exploit these data drive the biomedical research today in a significant transition
Particular, this study showed that growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) has tumor suppressor activity since it could suppress tumor this study showed that GAS5 has tumor suppressor activity since it could suppress tumor growth, growth, while, when silenced, tumor cells recovered and increased their proliferation rate [32] (Figure while, when silenced, tumor cells recovered and increased their proliferation rate [32] (Figure 3)
GAS5 down-regulation functions reversely and tamoxifen resistance is promoted [42]. These findings are in agreement with a recent report where it was shown that GAS5 is down-regulated in breast cancer tissues and linked to chemotherapy resistance [43]
Summary
The massive and rapid increase in the amount of human genome-scale DNA sequencing and the parallel development of methods to exploit these data drive the biomedical research today in a significant transition. Thousands of genes have been identified through high throughput methodologies, and a plethora of them have been studied for their role in tumor progression, as well as therapy-induced resistance. The oncogenic transformation, offering an additional level of regulatory complexity in the transcription oncogenic transformation, offering an additional level of regulatory complexity in the transcription of of mammalian genes be divided into microRNAs piwi-interacting mammalian genes [5,6,7].[5,6,7]. They They can becan divided into microRNAs (miRNAs),(miRNAs), piwi-interacting (piRNAs),. Serum starvation or treatment [15,16]
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