The Non-Alignment Stagnation-Point Flow Towards a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in a Nanofluid Using Buongiorno’s Model: A Revised Model

Abstract

Abstract A numerical study on the stagnation-point boundary layer flow of a viscous and incompressible (Newtonian) fluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet with the fluid suction using Buongiorno’s model is considered. The main focus of this article is the effects of the non-alignment of the flow and the surface of the sheet. We have also studied the problem using a new boundary condition that is more physically realistic which assumes that the nanoparticle fraction at the surface is passively controlled. The governing equations of this problem are reduced to the ordinary differential equations using some similarity transformations which are then solved using the bvp4c function in Matlab. From the results obtained, we concluded that the effect of the non-alignment function is the same as in the regular fluid or nanofluid. However, it is found that the fluid suction can reduce the effect of the non-alignment at the surface. Dual solutions have also been discovered in this problem and from the stability analysis it is found that the first solution is stable while the second solution is not stable.