Abstract

The Russian Federation’s economic integration accords started with the 1991 intergovernmental Commonwealth of Independence States (CIS), which accompanied the Soviet collapse, to plutocratic structures in the 1995 Eurasian Customs Union, and then to mixed accords—the Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) (2000) and the Single Economic Space (SES) (2004)—that require plutocratic monetary integration but otherwise use intergovernmental structures. I analyze in detail two of Russia’s Joiners—Belarus and Kazakhstan—who have been enthusiastic integrationists—and one non-Joiner, Turkmenistan.KeywordsForeign Direct InvestmentCustom UnionSoviet StateCentral Asian StateExport RouteThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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