Abstract
We studied oleogels containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and lupane triterpenoids in sunflower oil for the treatment of burns. The modification of ZnO was carried out by treatment with alcohol solutions of betulin, betulonic acid, betulin diacetate and betulin diphosphate. The properties of modified ZnO NPs were studied by powder XRD (average sizes of 10–20 nm), FTIR (νZnO 450 cm−1), UV–vis (345–360 nm), and blue–violet emission (380–420 nm). The identification and assay of modified ZnO NPs and triterpenoids were estimated. The treatment by oleogels of deep II-degree burns was studied on rats using histological studies, Doppler flowmetry and evaluation of enzymes activity and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) level. After the action of oleogels, burn wound area, and the necrosis decreased twice on the 10th day in comparison with the 1st day after burn. The microcirculation index in the near-wound zone by 20–30% improved compared with the group without treatment. Evaluation of the enzyme activity and the MDA level after treatment by oleogels during the course of 10 days showed them returning to normal. The improvement of antioxidant biochemical indexes, as well as wounds’ healing, was mainly determined by the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Highlights
IntroductionThe topical treatment of a thermal burn wound mainly consists of reducing inflammation and bacterial colonization in the wound, reducing scarring and reparative tissue regeneration [1,2,3].The wound healing depends on collagen formation [4], metabolism and immune status of the organism in general.Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles, capable of exhibiting bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, as well as promoting collagen synthesis, are of great interest as components of anti-burn agents [5,6,7].The antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as other metal nanoparticles, is explained by the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles to effectively penetrate the bacterial cell membrane, causing the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to apoptosis [8]
The structure of dry zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) modified by triterpenoids, as well as the initial ZnO NPs, corresponded to the hexagonal structure of wurtzite according to powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
On the 10th day of treatment by oleogels, the burn wound area was decreased twice compared to the initial burn area
Summary
The topical treatment of a thermal burn wound mainly consists of reducing inflammation and bacterial colonization in the wound, reducing scarring and reparative tissue regeneration [1,2,3].The wound healing depends on collagen formation [4], metabolism and immune status of the organism in general.Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles, capable of exhibiting bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, as well as promoting collagen synthesis, are of great interest as components of anti-burn agents [5,6,7].The antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as other metal nanoparticles, is explained by the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles to effectively penetrate the bacterial cell membrane, causing the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to apoptosis [8]. The wound healing depends on collagen formation [4], metabolism and immune status of the organism in general. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, capable of exhibiting bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, as well as promoting collagen synthesis, are of great interest as components of anti-burn agents [5,6,7]. The antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as other metal nanoparticles, is explained by the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles to effectively penetrate the bacterial cell membrane, causing the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to apoptosis [8]. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on wound healing is attributed to the effects of zinc as an essential trace element that controls many biological processes. Zinc is a component of more than 300 metalloenzymes and over 2000 transcription factors that are needed for regulation of lipid, protein and nucleic acid metabolism, Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 207; doi:10.3390/ph13090207 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticals
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